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The risk for getting or transmitting HIV is very high if an HIV-negative person shares needles, syringes, other injection equipment with someone who has HIV. - Stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy), - Stage 3: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), - What we know about the types of HIV tests, - Getting HIV From Syringe Use: Less Common Ways, - What we know about pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding, - Having a detectable viral load (not being virally suppressed), - What we know about sharing needles, syringes or other drug injection equipment, - Having a Different HIV Status than Your Partner, - Power Differences in Sexual Relationships, - What we know about choosing less risky sexual activities, - Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for Treating HIV, - Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Preventing HIV, - Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Preventing HIV after Exposure, - What we know about reducing the number of partners, - Choosing Partners with the Same HIV Status (Serosorting), See how receptive anal sex compares to other sexual activities here, See how insertive anal sex compares to other sexual activities here, Many things can increase someones risk of getting HIV from anal sex, CDCs Male Condom Effectiveness Factsheet: Learn how to use a condom the right way, every time you have sex, Start Talking. Over the years, weve receivedand our experts have answeredliterally thousands of questions from people concerned about a potential exposure to HIV. What are hormone and steroid injections? If your partner has HIV, encourage your partner to take ART as prescribed too, for their own health. If the partner with HIV takes HIV medicine as prescribed, and gets and keeps an undetectable viral load , you will not get HIV through sex with that partner. Blood collection procedures are highly regulated and safe. The more sexual partners you have in your lifetime, the more likely you are to have a sex partner with HIV who does not know their status, is not taking medicine to treat HIV or does not have an undetectable viral load. But the medicines are much less effective if you dont take them as prescribed, and condoms can sometimes break or come off during anal sex. Dispose of syringes and needles safely after one use. If your partner with HIV takes HIV medicine as prescribed and keeps an undetectable viral load , they will not transmit HIV through sex. More Information Hepatitis B and C are viruses that infect the liver. You could also get or transmit other kinds of infections, like hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus; parasites like Giardia; and bacteria such as Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, or E. coli if you touch someones anus because you may get feces on your hands or fingers. The most likely cause is injury with a contaminated needle or another sharp object. If you are concerned about an incident in which you had contact with another person's semen, it's worth noting a few points: It's also worth asking yourself if you have any reason to believe that the person whose semen you had contact with is living with HIV. A persons viral load is said to be durably undetectable when all test results are undetectable for at least 6 months after the first undetectable result. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. And you can get hepatitis A and B, parasites like Giardia, and other bacteria like Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli from anal sex because theyre transmitted through feces. But you can get other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) from oral sex. HIV affects people of all ages, races, and ethnicities, genders, sexual orientations, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Also, dont give your baby pre-chewed food because infected blood from your mouth can mix with food while you chew it. People have also worried they might catch the virus from the saliva of an HIV-positive person who kisses them or spits on them. The virus and immune system use complex tactics to outsmart each other. Mouth-to-penis oral sex may carry the highest chance of transmitting HIV, but the chances are still very low. A person should consult a healthcare professional if they are concerned about HIV exposure. In addition, anyone who is pregnant should get an HIV test. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Another reason people who inject drugs can get or transmit HIV (and other sexually transmitted diseases or STDs) is that when people are high, theyre more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as having anal or vaginal sex without protection (like acondom or medicine to prevent or treat HIV), having sex with multiple partners, or trading sex for money or drugs. The chance of the baby getting HIV is much higher if the mother with HIV is not on treatment. Factors that may affect the risk of getting HIV include: Ejaculation in the mouth with oral ulcers, bleeding gums, or genital sores. For a woman with HIV, anal sex is about 3 times more risky than vaginal sex for transmitting HIV to an HIV-negative partner. Choosing activities with extremely low to no risk like oral sex instead of higher-risk activities like anal or vaginal sex can lower your chances getting or transmitting HIV. (2021). If you inject around other people, be careful not to get someone elses blood on your hands, needles, syringes, or other injection equipment. Used needles, syringes, and other injection equipment may have someone elses blood on them, and blood can carry HIV. Many things can increase someones risk of getting HIV from anal sex besides sexual position (insertive vs. receptive). The small number of documented cases have involved severe trauma with extensive tissue damage and the presence of blood. The inner lining of the foreskin is different than other types of skin on the body and has more of the cells that HIV infects. Contamination occurs when blood from a caregivers mouth mixes with pre-chewed food and an infant eats it. If you get a tattoo or a body piercing, be sure that the person doing the procedure is properly licensed and uses only new or sterilized equipment. If you dont have HIV, being a receptive partner (or bottom ) for anal sex is the riskiest sexual activity for getting HIV. Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers) increases your risk for getting or transmitting HIV. Many people with hepatitis B or C dont know they have it because they dont feel sick. See how receptive vaginal sex compares to other sexual activities here. The CDC note that there is little to no risk of contracting HIV via oral sex. If you keep injecting hormones or steroids, here are some things you can do to lower your risk for getting or transmitting HIV and other infections: Explore the locator tools on SAMHSA.gov or HIV.gov to find a substance use disorder treatment center near you. You can get HIV if you have vaginal sexwith someone who has HIV without using protection (like condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV). The virus then travels to the lymph nodes, where it enters cells of the immune system called T cells. Even if your partner has an undetectable viral load, you or your sex partner may want to use additional prevention options. HIV is primarily transmitted through anal sex, vaginal sex, and shared needles or syringes. Saliva has a virus inhibiting function. The risk is even lower if the HIV-negative partner is taking medicine as prescribed to prevent HIV (pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP). Many people with hepatitis B or C dont know they have it because they dont feel sick. Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers) increases your risk for getting or transmitting HIV. You can get other STDs from oral sex. In fact, HIV can only be transmitted to another person through these three types of bodily fluids: HIV cannot be passed from person to person via other fluids like tears, saliva, vomit, or feces. Dispose of needles safely after one use. Get tailored information about your risk and learn how to protect yourself. The foreskin may also be easier to tear during sex, providing another way for HIV to infect the body. Oral sex involves putting the mouth on the penis (fellatio), vagina (cunnilingus), or anus (anilingus). See how receptive anal sex compares to other sexual activities here. Using a condom the right way every time you have sex can protect you from other STDs. HIV almost always enters the body in one of three ways: For adults, its important to remember that HIV can only enter the body when its exposed to an open wound, injected directly into the bloodstream, or passed through a mucous membrane, typically through anal or vaginal sex. But if it was just massage, theres no way for an infectious body fluid to enter the bloodstream. If youre taking ART, follow your health care providers advice. Also consider using additional prevention methods if you, Are unsure, for any reason, that you have an undetectable viral load Many things can increase someones risk of getting HIV from vaginal sex, choosing sexual activities that carry a lower risk for HIV. But there are powerful tools to help prevent HIVtransmission. If a person with HIV takes their HIV medicine as prescribed and gets and keeps an undetectable viral load , their chance of transmitting HIV through sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers) is reduced. This is when their viral load is the highest. When you inject liquids like silicone, they can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. HIV does not survive long outside the body, so the risk from semen left behind on objects is minimal. Similarly, advanced HIV disease increases the risk sixfold ( relative risk 5.81 ). You might come into contact with another persons semen or vaginal fluids, but youre unlikely have any contact with blood. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. If youve never had hepatitis A or B, there are vaccines to prevent it. The viruses that cause hepatitis B and hepatitis C can be, A bite that opens the skin and causes bleeding can lead to the transmission of HIV. Lets learn what is the difference between HIV and AIDS? For example, the HIV-negative partner is more likely to get HIV if either partner has another sexually transmitted disease (STD). The most common form of PrEP is in a tablet, but it can also be provided as a vaginal ring or an injection. But the medicines are much less effective if you dont take them as prescribed, and condoms can sometimes break or come off during vaginal sex. Certain things about your sex and injection partners can put you at increased risk for getting or transmitting HIV. Your health care provider will recommend a hepatitis B or C test if you have risk factors for these infections, such as injection drug use. In 2017, 6% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States were attributed to injection drug use and 3% were attributed to injection drug use and male-to-male sexual contact (men who reported both risk factors). The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get tested. On average, a woman with HIV has about a 1 in 2,500 chance of transmitting HIV every time she has vaginal sex with an HIV-negative man. If you are HIV-negative and have a recent possible exposure to HIV and youre not taking PrEP, you can take post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). You can also do other things to reduce your risk, including taking medicine to prevent or treat HIV and using condoms the right way, every time. There is extremely low to no risk of getting or transmitting HIV through activities like oral sex, touching, and kissing. Viral load refers to the quantity of HIV in a persons body fluids. You may need help to stop or cut down injecting drugs, but many resources are available. But the chance of getting HIV from deep, open-mouth kissing is much lower than from most other sexual activities. Last medically reviewed on August 19, 2022. Were talking blood, sweat, tears, semen, vaginal fluids, urine, and all the rest. HIV can also be contracted from the vaginal fluid and blood through the opening of the penis, the foreskin, and small cuts and scratches or open sores. Instead, there four conditions that must take place in order for infection to occur: From both a biological and epidemiological evidence, HIV cannot and has never been shown to be passed from one person to the next by the following means: To date, there has not been a single documented case of transmission by any of these means. When HIV is transmitted from a mother to herchild, it's called mother-to-child or perinataltransmission. Some signs of an infected wound include:. Certain things about your sex partner can put you at increased risk for getting or transmitting HIV. There is no risk of transmission through unbroken skin. If the partner with HIV takes HIV medicine as prescribed, and gets and keeps an undetectable viral load , their partner will not get HIV through sex. 2. The partner receiving the penis is called the receptive partner. Relieving those anxieties often requires us to do more than just lay out the rules. Using condoms or taking medicine as prescribed to prevent HIV (called pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP) can provide added peace of mind. If the partner with HIV takes HIV medicine as prescribed and gets and keeps an undetectable viral load, they will not transmit HIV through sex. HIV is a global health issue that affected about 38 million people worldwide in 2020. Anal sex is when a penis is inserted into an anus. These terms lack the necessary quantifiable information to accurately assess the risk of specific behaviors. On average, an HIV-negative person has about a 1 in 160 chance of getting HIV every time they share needles, syringes, or other injection equipment with a person who has HIV. If you learn that you have HIV, the most important thing you can do is to take antiretroviral therapy (ART) as prescribed. HIV can enter a persons body during vaginal sex through the delicate tissue that lines the vagina and cervix. Women can get HIV through the tissue that lines their vagina and cervix. Sex Assigned Anxietykills7696. semen, or vaginal fluid into open wounds or sores. Professional associations and labor organizations, through continuing education efforts, should emphasize the need for health-care workers to follow recommended precautions. If you use sex toys, do not share them with your partner. Assessing the Risk. Bleaching a used syringe may reduce the risk of HIV and hepatitis C but doesnt eliminate it. HIV can be contracted through the lining of the vagina and cervix if their sexual partners bodily fluids, such as semen and pre-seminal fluid, carry HIV. However, not every exposure to HIV carries the same risk, and some sexual activities are riskier than others. Are you living with HIV and on treatment? There are medicines to treat hepatitis B. You and your partner should learn about all the available prevention options and make the decisions that are right for both of you. HIV prevention must be tailored to the needs of trans individuals, Maternal-to-child transmission (MTCT) or vertical transmission, 1.7 million were children under the age of 15, 20.6 million lived in eastern and southern Africa, 4.7 million lived in western and central Africa, 5.7 million lived in Asia and the Pacific, 2.2 million lived in Europe and North America, mucous membranes, such as those found in the mouth, rectum, vagina, and tip of the penis, day-to-day contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, or kissing, receptive penile-vaginal intercourse: 0.08%, insertive penile-vaginal intercourse: 0.04%, having sex without a condom or other barrier method, having sex while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, using a condom or other barrier method during sex, getting vaccinated against other STIs, such as HPV and hepatitis B, avoiding using injectable drugs, if possible, if using injectable drugs, avoiding sharing needles and syringes. Many people live for many years with HIV without symptoms. Mucous membranes are found inside the rectum, vagina, opening of the penis, and mouth. Having a rectal infection like herpes may also increase the risk of transmission. It is NOT spread through casual contact like kissing, hugging, or sharing drinking glasses or utensils. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Taking antiretroviral medications every day can reduce a persons viral load to very low levels that cannot be detected through testing. This is because the needles, syringes, or other injection equipment may have blood in them, and blood can carry HIV. Being the receptive partner (bottom) is riskier than being the insertive partner (top). HIV is not transmitted via superficial scratches, such as paper cuts. Silicone (or other thick liquids) can be injected into body tissue to make certain areas of the body, such as the breasts, buttocks, thighs, and face, look fuller and more feminine. when people with HIV take effective treatment, Can You Have Hiv Symptoms And Test Negative, How Long Can You Live With Hiv Without Knowing, Can You Have Hiv For 20 Years And Not Know, Touching, hugging, kissing or shaking hands, Touching an object an HIV-positive person has touched, Eating food prepared by an HIV-positive person, Sharing grooming items, even toothbrushes or razors, Getting spit on by an HIV-positive person, Getting blood from an HIV-positive person on you, Using public fountains, toilet seats, or showers, having other types of sexually transmitted infections. Either partner can get HIV during vaginal sex. If the partner with HIV is taking HIV medicine as prescribed and keeps an undetectable viral load , they will not transmit HIV through sex, including oral sex. This is an incredibly important point about HIV transmission that is often misunderstood. If you keep injecting drugs, here are some things you can do to lower your risk for getting or transmitting HIV and other infections: Learn about other things you can do to prevent getting or transmitting HIV. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. This is called an undetectable viral load. Be aware that HIV can survive in a used syringe for up to 42 days depending on temperature and other factors. CDCs Male Condom Effectiveness Factsheet: Learn how to use a condom the right way, every time you have sex If you take ART as prescribed and keep an undetectable viral load, you can stay healthy and will not transmit HIV through sex. HIV discrimination is the unjust treatment of a person based on their real or perceived HIV status. The top is also at risk. How can I prevent getting or transmitting HIV? Mutual masturbation can be practiced without latex barriers as long as one is certain there are no open sores or injuries on ones hands. Certain behaviors can increase a persons chance of contracting HIV. It can also be passed through needlestick injuries in a hospital or from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. How many other sex partners do you currently have? About two weeks later I had a sore throat for a few days and developed a cough that is starting to fade away but still here . If the semen came into contact with undamaged, unbroken skin, there is no HIV risk whatsoever. Anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for getting or transmitting HIV. In some very rare cases, people have gotten HIV from deep, open-mouth French kissing because they and their partners had blood in their mouths from bleeding gums or sores (like canker sores). Damaged tissue could include a cut, sore, or open wound. These behaviors include: People living with HIV can use the following to prevent transmitting it to others: People with HIV can take ART to lower their chance of transmitting HIV to others. Male circumcision: if you are circumcised, this partially lowers your risk of acquiring HIV during vaginal sex. Even if you ingest the viruslets say, by eating food with traces of HIV inside itthe acid inside your stomach will protect you. Also consider using additional prevention methods if you are unsure, for any reason, that your partner has an undetectable viral load. The cells responsible for attacking the virus instead produce new virus particles and attack other, infected, T cells. It may also be high if a person does not take HIV treatment and has advanced disease. Viral load is highest both during the early phase of HIV and without treatment with antiretroviral medications. Also, if you are HIV-negative and have anal sex with a partner who has HIV, your chance of getting HIV is very high if that partner is not on HIV treatment and does not have an undetectable or suppressed viral load. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. No. HIV and opportunistic infections, coinfections, and conditions. Have trouble taking HIV medicine regularly The sooner you start taking ART, the more effective it will be at improving your health and preventing transmission to your baby. Visit your health care provider regularly and take your medicine as prescribed. This is more likely to happen when the person doing the procedure is unlicensed because of the potential for unsanitary practices such as sharing needles or ink. Explore Estimate the HIV Risk to learn more. If your partner has HIV, encourage your partner to take ART too. Individuals have varying chances of contracting HIV due to certain sexual behaviors and other factors. More Information On average, an HIV-negative person has a 1 in 420 chance of getting HIV from a needlestick if the needle or syringe contains HIV-infected blood. Talk to a health care provider about your chances of getting hepatitis A or B and whether vaccination is right for you. See how insertive vaginal sex compares to other sexual activities here. Not having sex is a 100% effective way to make sure you dont get or transmit HIV through sex. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide the following risk estimates for HIV transmission based on different types of exposure: HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that destroys immune cells. This is because the lining of the rectum is thin and easily injured. AIDS is a set of symptoms caused by HIV. The only possible risk would be if body fluids from a person with HIV touch the mucous membranes or damaged tissue of someone without HIV. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. People can contact their local health department or the North American Syringe Exchange Network (NASEN) to find an SSP. CDCs Male Condom Effectiveness Factsheet: Learn how to use a condom the right way every time you have sex, UCSFs Center of Excellence for Transgender Health: Silicone Use. On average, a man with HIV has about a 1 in 1,250 chance of transmitting HIV every time he has vaginal sex with an HIV-negative woman. Injection drug use is using syringes (includes needles) to inject drugs into a vein or under the skin (i.e., skin popping, muscling). All rights reserved. You put yourself at the highest risk of this when you: Have unprotected sex with an HIV . The highest-risk oral sex activity is giving oral sex to a man. Also, if you are HIV-negative and have vaginal sex with a partner who has HIV, your chance of getting HIV is very high if that partner is not on HIV treatment and does not have an undetectable or suppressed viral load. People who continue injecting drugs should never share needles, syringes, or other injection equipment such as cookers. If you dont have a health care provider, click hereto find contact information for your local health department. This principle is called Undetectable = Untransmittable . Before having sex for the first time, you and your partner may want to get tested for HIV and learn the results. When a woman has vaginal sex with a partner who has HIV, HIV can enter her body through the mucous membranes that line the vagina and cervix. Droplets are inhaled by a new host, the virus binds to target receptors on the respiratory tract surface, and replicates in cells of the respiratory tract. This is because used needles and syringes can still contain blood, which can carry the virus. Wounds, scrapes and scratches start to heal almost immediately after they occur, restoring the body's natural defenses against infection, including HIV. Yes. Silicone injections can be done safely by a health care provider, but sometimes people inject silicone with friends or acquaintances at parties. Do you have any other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? There is some evidence that circumcision may decrease the insertive partners risk of getting HIV during anal sex. Vaginal sex is less risky for getting HIV than receptive anal sex. HIV cannot. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. For PEP to work, you must start it as soon as possible, and always within 72 hours of a recent possible exposure. Used syringes usually contain residual fluid, such as blood, on the needle or nozzle. You can get or transmit HIV only through specific activities. Having other STDs increases your risk for getting or transmitting HIV. You cant get HIV from consuming food handled by someone with HIV. However, testing of organ recipients after surgery can quickly detect transmission so that antiretroviral medications can be started promptly. Organ donations are also screened for HIV. These include: . On average, a baby has about a 1 in 4 chance of getting HIV from a mother with HIV who is not on treatment. Theres a chance that someone can get or transmit HIV if an HIV-negative person uses needles, syringes, and other injection equipment after someone with HIV has used them. : Encouraging gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men to have conversations about a range of HIV prevention strategies, See how receptive vaginal sex compares to other sexual activities here, See how insertive vaginal sex compares to other sexual activities here, Choosing activities with little to no risk, North American Syringe Exchange Network (NASEN), CDCs Male Condom Effectiveness Factsheet, CDCs Injection Drug Use and HIV Factsheet, CDC's Injection Drug Use and HIV Factsheet, CDCs Transgender Health and HIV Factsheet, CDCs information on mother-to-child (perinatal) HIV transmission and prevention, HIV.govs information on pregnancy, childbirth, and HIV, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. What is Touching? Even with cuts on your hands, they would have had to happen at the same time of helping him out. Hormone and steroid injections can be done safely by a health care provider. It's the best thing you can do not only for your own health, but also to help ensure that HIV does not spread to others (if you do turn out to be HIV-positive). Takeaway. Based entirely on the numbers, anal sex is considered the highest risk activity. For men, anal sex with a women with HIV is about 3 times more risky for getting HIV than vaginal sex. You can use a. If your genitalia is touching your partners genitalia, keeping your clothes on will reduce the chances of exposure to body fluids and open sores that can spread HIV or other STDs. Choosing activities with little to no risk like kissing instead of higher-risk activities like anal or vaginal sex can lower your chances of getting or transmitting HIV. Talking openly and frequently with your partner about sex can help you make decisions that decrease your risk of getting or transmitting HIV. Here, a cat and mouse battle begins. lower the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Careful practice of standard precautions protects patients and health care personnel from possible. The only way it would be possible to transmit HIV through saliva is if the HIV-positive person had bleeding gums or sores, and somehow that bloody saliva got into the bloodstream of the HIV-negative person. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Some of them are accustomed to say AIDS infection that is wrong. This is because the needle, syringe, or other injection equipment may have blood in them, and blood can carry HIV. Very recent (acute) HIV infection, a time when viral load is exceptionally high, increases the risk sevenfold ( relative risk 7.25 ). If you have HIV, the most important thing you can do is be on treatment. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4085844/#:~:text, https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/injection-drug-use.html, https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids, https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/how-is-hiv-transmitted, https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/provider-visits-and-lab-test/seeing-your-health-care-provider, https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/std-research, https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics, https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/statistics, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769352/. If youre in labor and dont know if you have HIV, request a rapid HIV test. If you do have HIV, being the insertive partner (or top ) for anal sex is the riskiest sexual activity for transmitting HIV. See how insertive anal sex compares to other sexual activities here. ART is recommended for all people with HIV, regardless of how long theyve had the virus or how healthy they are.